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Conjugation Method - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Traditional covalent conjugation techniques, such as the NHS ester and two-tag methods, usually involve attaching the label to lysine residues. Chromophores are molecules that can absorb certain wavelengths of light, leading them to be colored. The p-orbitals can be used to determine conjugation. An example of the application of the ReACT reaction is shown in Fig. / (kndetd) / adjective. What Is The Conjugate Acid Of C2H5Nh2? - Realonomics References [ edit] ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. Nitrogen possesses one lone pair of electrons which does not participate in the conjugation of the molecule. Write the chemical equation associated with this weak base dissociating in water. If you can find one conjugated system within the molecule, that molecule is said to be conjugated. Thus, the simplest example of a conjugated system is an allylic ion or a similar molecule with 3 adjacent atoms each with a p-orbital. Subsequently, we focus on techniques presently explored to (bio)functionalize self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as an example of an application of conjugation chemistry principles applied to nanomaterials surfaces that can also be extrapolated to more complex materials/systems. Determine a Target Chemical Moiety on Your Prosthetic Molecule Introduction to Conjugated Systems Organic Chemistry Tutor Conjugation in Chemistry: Overview & Examples | What is a Conjugate This is something that still occurs. Organic Chemistry. Conjugate solutions - Oxford Reference Another example is conjugation of peptide antigens to KLH or other carrier protein to prepare an effective immunogen. Study Conjugation 4. What is the conjugate base of h2po 4? For example, conjugated molecules absorb light at longer wavelengths. Conjugated double bonds are separated by a single bond. 433K subscribers Concept of conjugation in alkenes with example of 1,3-Butadiene. Enzyme conjugation with polymers. Enzyme conjugation with nucleic acids. Hyperconjugation: Definition, Electrometric Effect & Examples Examples of conjugate solutions are phenol in water and water in phenol. Each atom in the chain provides a p-orbital thats perpendicularly oriented to the plane of the molecule. It's conjugation that you have to think about. Typically, conjugation occurs when there are alternating single and double bonds. What Is Conjugation In Chemistry? | The Chemistry Blog - ReAgent Chemicals The Oxygen in furan has two lone pairs, one of which fills a p-orbital on that position. The conjugation networks are colored in red. Look at the example below to see how the verb to go changes meaning (and spelling) when conjugated and how its change changes the meaning of the sentence. Answered: Answer the remaining questions: 7. Give | bartleby Among other applications, conjugated systems can form chromophores. Additionally, CLT is very accessible - simple chemistry can be used to develop thioester reagents that can be easily applied on native mAbs, removing the technical complexity sometimes involved with the synthesis of, for example, peptides used in affinity-guided strategies, or antibodies engineered with specific conjugation sites. Drug metabolism can be divided into the Phase I reactions (functionalisation) and the Phase II reactions (conjugation). Current ADC Linker Chemistry | SpringerLink Services Inquiry Biocatalysis Services Enzyme Stabilization and Formulation Online Inquiry HCO3^-is a conjugate acid of H2CO3 . The type of conjugation affects reactivity and molecular electronic transitions . 8. 26m. 1,3-dienes are an excellent example of a conjugated system. C=C) organic chemistry - Cross-conjugation - Chemistry Stack Exchange . Site-selective lysine conjugation methods and applications towards Instead of a painting with only polarizing black (electron-rich) or white (electron-poor) regions, a conjugated system combines to make a single shade of grey. Antibody conjugation guide | Abcam The way a verb is conjugated is determined by factors like number, person and tense. Typically, conjugation occurs when there are alternating single and double bonds. The stabilization of dienes by conjugation may be rationalized by resonance and molecular orbital descriptions. The conjugate base is able to gain or absorb a proton in a chemical reaction. One example of this is furan (C4H4O). Conjugation via lysine can involve a two-step process in which a linker is attached to the mAb (mAb-L) followed by a second chemical reaction of . 16 cholesterol-rich regions have been identified in cells and in base + acid Conj A + Conj B. chem. Lqh-8/6 and two other natural analogues were . How are antibodies conjugated? - ProteoGenix 3. For example, in pyridine, the nitrogen atom already participates in the conjugated system through a formal double bond with an adjacent carbon, so the lone pair remains in the plane of the ring in an sp 2 hybrid orbital and does not participate in the conjugation. What Is Conjugation In Chemistry? | The Chemistry Blog - ReAgent Chemicals I went to work each day. The three basic types of conjugation are pi () conjugation, hyperconjugation, which is conjugation between - and -bonded segments, and sigma () conjugation, which is conjugation between -bonded segments. If, for example, a carbonyl group (C O) and a hydroxyl group (OH) are widely separated in a molecule, each has distinctive properties, but in combination they form the carboxyl group (COOH), which has an entirely different character. Click chemistry is quickly becoming the most popular and cost-efficient approach for antibody conjugation in ADC manufacturing due to tight control of conjugation sites and, subsequently, or DAR. Define conjugation: the definition of conjugation is the changing of a verb's form to show voice, mood, number, tense, and person. The word " conjugation " is derived from a Latin word that means "to link together". 9. This video is about: Conjugation in Alkene. This kind of electron displacement leads to polarization of the bond. Answer (1 of 3): Cross-conjugation is a special type ofconjugation in a molecule, when in a set of three Pi bonds only two pi-bonds interact with each other byconjugation, the third one is excluded from interaction. Tandem photoaffinity labeling-bioorthogonal conjugation in medicinal Conjugated system - Wikipedia In summary, conjugation: is the form a verb takes to express action. Conjugation is common in conducting polymers, carbon nanotubules, graphene, and graphite. Conjugation also occurs when there are available p-orbitals in all the contiguous atoms in a chain. When is a molecule conjugated? Explained by FAQ Blog Hosoya et al., provided one of the first examples of tandem photoaffinity labeling-bioorthogonal conjugation in medicinal chemistry. Conjugation Chemistry Principles and Surface Functionalization of Hyperconjugation | Electromeric Effect | Chemistry | Byju's Conjugation chemistry creates affordable childhood vaccines Conjugate Acids and Conjugate Bases - Chemistry | Socratic Finally, we present future perspectives in the (bio)conjugation field. What is Conjugation? Definition, Examples of Verb Conjugation Enzyme conjugation with small molecules. Beta-Carotene absorbs blue light, and reflects orange, which is why we said carrots and the molecule looks orange, here. EG. Examples: In these molecules and ions, the -bond interacts with either an empty orbital (allylic carbocation) or an electron pair on a heteroatom (enol and enamine). Is C2H5NH2 an acid or base? Lysine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, and Glutamic Acid are good target moieties for protein conjugation reactions due to their amine and carboxyl side chains. What is cross conjugation in organic chemistry? - Quora Related article: You may enjoy this article on methionine selective bioconjugation techniques . Enzyme Conjugation - Creative Enzymes 2. The first approved and marketed example of this conjugation chemistry was a vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), a bacterium responsible for childhood meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis, which, before the introduction of the vaccine in the 1980s, was estimated to be responsible for 20,000 cases in the USA alone. 21.2.1.The protein has a methionine (Fig. For example, analytical chemists use phenolphthalein to probe the acidity of solutions. The conjugate acid donates the proton or hydrogen in the reaction. Determining Aromaticity & Conjugation: Practice Problems I go to work each day. varies by person, number, tense, aspect, or gender. What are conjugated dienes give example? Explained by FAQ Blog Examples of cross-conjugation can be found in molecules such as benzophenone, divinylketones, p -quinones, dendralenes, radialenes, fullerene, and Indigo dye. A resonance description, such as the one shown here, involves charge separation, implying a relatively small degree of stabilization. The . It can be explained in the case of butadiene by regular conjugation of the two alkenyl components. What is conjugation in organic chemistry? - Quora VZ. Phase I. An " isolated " (pi) system exists only between a single pair of adjacent atoms ( e.g. Conjugate Definition in Chemistry - ThoughtCo The extensive conjugation means that this molecule can absorb light at a longer wavelength. More examples: note: the term conjugation refers to parts of the molecule. Trending; Popular; . Hyperconjugation - Electromeric Effect, Types, Mesomeric Effect Therefore, a conjugated system has a region where p orbitals overlap with each other. Enzyme conjugation with antibodies. What Is The Conjugate Base Of H2Co3 - Realonomics active learners. Initially, the chemistry available for linkage to the polypeptide of antibodies was limited to those natural amino acids that have side-chains with available nucleophilic groups such as the -NH 2 of lysine and the sulfhydryl SH group of cysteine. 13.4. Conjugated -systems | Organic Chemistry II It's seen in many organic molecules. Each carbon in 1,3 dienes are sp 2 hybridized and therefore have one p orbital. Subscribe to our YouTube channel to watch more Chemistry. The lone pair electron makes conjugation possible on a five-membered ring. It is a six-membered ring compound which consists of heteroatom nitrogen. Antibody Conjugation Each carbon in 1,3 dienes are sp2 hybridized and therefore have one p orbital. Drug Metabolism in Medicinal Chemistry | PharmaFactz Chemistry Hyperconjugation Hyperconjugation - Electromeric effect Electron displacement in an organic molecule may take place due to the presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. What are conjugated molecules give examples? Identifying Conjugation. (C . Last but not least, conjugation is a valuable property to chemists. Conjugation and Colors - Materials Connect Bioconjugation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Learn the toughest concepts covered in Organic Chemistry with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors. What is the Difference Between Conjugated and Isolated Double Bond Science Chemistry Answer the remaining questions: 7. 16 the classic example of this phenomenon is the formation of "lipid rafts" where cholesterol in a lipid membrane aggregates around a surface-binding molecule on incorporation into the lipid surface. Cross-conjugation - Wikipedia Conjugate Base - Chemistry Definitions & Terms - ThoughtCo The chemical structures are adapted from the 33 rd Chinese Chemistry Olympiad (Preliminary Test), Chinese Chemical Society. One example is the conjugation of a purified antibody with horseradish peroxidase enzyme to yield an antibody-HRP conjugate for use in ELISA. proteins and small molecules often initiate reorganization of membrane surfaces. Ethylamine (C2H5NH2) is a weak base with pKb = 3.3 and its conjugate acid is the protonated version which is the C2H5NH3+. Improve your experience by picking them. It has one more H atom and . 5. P2O5. Let us take the example of bicarbonate ions reacting with water to create carbonic acid and hydronium ions. For example, furan (see picture) is a five-membered ring with two alternating double bonds and an oxygen in position 1. Calculate the pH of a 1.0M solution of . Study Details: Conjugation English verb to study in several modes, tenses, voices, numbers, persons : indicative mode, subjunctive, imperative mood, conditional, participle form present tense of study Verified 4 days ago Url: The-conjugation.com View Study Get more: Present tense of study View Study Conjugated vs. Nonconjugated Dienes Phase I biotransformations include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions. It absorbs light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Cross conjugation is a phenomena due to which (in simple words) resonance from two groups in opposite direction cancel out. For example, Rigau M et al conjugated an anti-BTN2A1 mAb to Alexa Fluor-647 by amine coupling from Thermo Fisher, and conjugated an anti-BTN3A antibodyto R-phycoerythrin with a sulfo-SMCC heterobifunctional crosslinker [ 25 ]. When talking about conjugation . The atoms that participate in conjugation can be a heteroatom or carbon atom possessing sp or sp hybridization. Conjugation Chemistry Video Tutorial & Practice | Pearson+ Channels The simplest conjugate is butadiene. Let's look at how the MO's of those systems looks like. Conjugated system - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Conjugated Compounds in Organic Chemistry | bartleby Amine-Reactive Crosslinker Chemistry - Thermo Fisher Scientific Conjugation in Alkene, Chemistry Lecture | Sabaq.pk | - YouTube Today we'll focus on the case of an alkene conjugated to a carbonyl. Examples of conjugation in a Sentence a lesson on French verb conjugation Recent Examples on the Web One poem contains a note on Spanish verb conjugation, another features an explanation of stereotypic behavior in captive animals, a third includes a pocket history of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Some examples of ADCs in the clinical pipeline generated through click chemistry reactions include ARX788 (Ambrx), Trph-222 (Triphase), STRO-001 . So H 2 CO 3 is a weak acid that forms a conjugate base according to the concept of conjugate acid-base pair. Organic chemistry 08: Carbonyl conjugation, conformational analysis It is mostly found in molecules with conjugated double bonds or in molecules with at least 1 lone pair and 1 double bond. conjugated system | chemistry | Britannica Learn About Conjugated Compounds | Chegg.com Solutions formed between two liquids that are partially miscible with one another; such solutions are in equilibrium at a particular temperature. Conjugation Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster The simplest example is propenal (also known as acrolein). The type ofconjugation affects reactivity and molecular electronic transitions. Conjugation Definition & Examples | Ginger Software For example, the single C-C bonds in 1,3-butadiene and Propyne are about 1.46 angstrom long, comparatively shorter than the 1.54 angstrom observed in saturated hydrocarbons. How to conjugate antibodies? Image from NEB . In an acid-base reaction, the chemical . Vitamins and Supplements Rooted in Science - Life Extension Conjugation and resonance structures | StudyPug On many occasions, some of these receptors are over-expressed in cancer cells. The conjugation between an alkene and a carbonyl group is a great example of this type of conjugation. What is Isolated Double Bond? A more general definition is that a conjugate base is the base member, X-, of a pair of compounds that transform into each other by gaining or losing a proton. The resonance effect is defined as the polarity caused in a molecule due to interaction between either a bond or the lone pair electron or the interaction of 2 bonds in the adjacent atoms. PDF C263 Jan16 notes(RT) - ualberta.ca Hyperconjugation - Effects, Definition, Examples, Applications, FAQs The conjugate base of HSO3 -1 is SO3 -2. From: conjugate solutions in A Dictionary of Chemistry . Example 4: Nomenclature: (2Z)-hex-2-en-4-yne This molecule is conjugated because there is an alternation of multiple and single bonds (double, single, and triple starting from C2). Conjugated Double Bonds - Conjugated Systems and Conjugated - BYJUS 32 This initial work featured creation of a diazide probe based on the cholesterol-lowering agent cerivastatin. Natural peptides isolated from animal venoms generally target cell surface receptors with high affinity and selectivity. How does conjugation help to stabilize chemical bonding? Give an example of a sodium salt that would be a conjugate base for a buffer solution containing the weak acid HCN. Often these reactions involve the introduction of polar functional groups such as -OH to drug molecules to make them more hydrophilic. Conjugation and color (video) | Spectroscopy | Khan Academy These conjugation protocols typically require knowledge of chemistry and experience in separation techniques, such as fixed-column chromatography, to remove low molecular . HCO + HO HCO + OH. 1,3-dienes are an excellent example of a conjugated system. Expert Answers: q Simple example of a conjugated system is 1,3-butadiene, in which the two pi bonds are directly connected so as to allow continuous overlap over the entire. Ch 10: Conjugation - Faculty of Science includes regular and irregular verbs. Conjugated double bonds are separated by a single bond. Let's first practice identifying conjugation, since that is one of the rules of aromaticity, and then we can identify aromatic compounds. Get clinically-studied, premium vitamins and supplements and lab tests from the people who've spent 40 years passionately pursuing healthy living. Drug Sulfate Conjugation - Pharmaceutical Chemistry In a conjugated system the electrons are not localized to specific atoms or their orbitals, but instead de localized, shared amongst multiple atoms. For example, consider the compound pyridine. Conjugation refers to systems involving >2 atoms. Conjugation - Michigan State University Ethylamine C2H5NH2 is a monoprotic base with pKb = 3.37 at 25 degrees Celsius. How do you recognise conjugation in chemistry? We see that HCO becomes HCO. Conjugated compounds are those compounds at which pi- bonds are present in alternating positions of compounds; it can also be defined as compounds having pi-bonds and positive charge or negative charge at alternative positions. 5h 11m. Biomedicines | Free Full-Text | A Conjugate between Lqh-8/6, a Natural 10. +55.5k. It has a single system consisting of four pi electrons, one from each of the four carbons. The four p orbitals in 1,3-butadiene overlap to form a conjugated system. (of a molecule, compound, . It is a destabilising effect. The conjugate base of H 2 CO 3 is a bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 -). 21.2.1B).The oxaziridine compound has an alkyne (CC) or an azide (N 3) functional group via a linker (L). One example of this is furan (C4H4O). 14.1: Conjugation - Chemistry LibreTexts (the "Gold Book") (1997). Sulfo-SMCC is the crosslinker most often use for this method. Amides are examples of conjugated systems, where the carbon-oxygen double bond and. A very important concept to keep in mind is that there is an inherent thermodynamic stability associated with conjugation. A conjugate base contains one less H atom and one more - charge than the acid that formed it. Write the Kb expression for this reaction. Our Highlighted Platforms Include 1. Organic Chemistry Introduction to Conjugated Systems Examples of MO's in Typical Conjugated Systems The most common conjugated systems you're going to see in your course are the allylic system, butadiene, pentadienyl ions, and hexatrienes. Protein Conjugation Chemistry - Theory and Examples - SciGine Are H2CO3 HCO3 conjugate pair? You'll need to recreate and recognize these MO's in your course, so make sure you . Examples of MO's in Typical Conjugated Systems - Organic Chemistry Tutor It is something like this: These are some examples which will help you understand why this is a destabilising effect: In the above two examples the stability of carbanion decreases drastically . In the compound below, for example, the C1-C2 and C3-C4 double bonds are conjugated, while the C6-C7 double bond is isolated from the other two pi bonds by sp3-hybridized C5. Conjugation chemistry Conjugation chemistry involves the presence of double or triple bonds in the organic compound. Conjugation means alternating single and double bonds. What is the mean of conjugated in chemistry? The term conjugation refers to the mixing or overlapping of p orbitals of one atom with another p orbital in an adjacent sigma bond. 21.2.1A).The oxaziridine compound is added, and the ReACT reaction occurs, functionalizing methionine into sulfimide conjugation product (benzaldehyde is a byproduct) (Fig. In organic chemistry terms, it is used to describe the situation that occurs when systems ( e.g. Conjugation In organic chemistry Normally, in a bond as seen the electrons are localized between the specific atoms but if double or single bonds are present alternately in a compound then it's said to be a conjugated system. An isolated double bond is a chemical bond that is made of a sigma bond and a pi bond. Herein, we identified Lqh-8/6 as a natural peptide analog of chlorotoxin, a proven and useful compound for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Conjugation English verb to study - Conjugate to study in English. Each atom in the chain provides a p-orbital thats perpendicularly oriented to the plane of the molecule. The four p orbitals in 1,3-butadiene overlap to form a conjugated system. What is the conjugate base of HSO3 ? Is H2CO3 an acid base conjugate base or conjugate acid? Conjugation also occurs when there are available p-orbitals in all the contiguous atoms in a chain. double bonds) are "linked together". What is the conjugate acid of ch3nh3+? Enzyme conjugation with protein/peptides. - C = C - C = C - I you move the pi-bonds you will in stead end up with: = C - C = C - C = Here you will get a problem in the end of the conjugation, which you solve by making a + in one end and a - in the other end. The conversion of benzoic acid to its glycine conjugate, hippuric acid, is a well-known metabolic reaction in many mammalian systems.410 The extensive metabolism of salicylic acid (75% of dose) to salicyluric acid in humans is another illustrative example.411,412 Carboxylic acid metabolites resulting from oxidation or hydrolysis of many drugs . Step 2. CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2 (+) C H 2 -CH=CH- C H 2:(-) A molecular orbital model for 1,3-butadiene is shown below. Base + acid Conj a + Conj B. chem often these reactions involve the introduction polar. Applications, conjugated systems, where the carbon-oxygen double bond is a six-membered ring compound which consists of nitrogen! > study conjugation < /a > active learners groups such as the shown. Bonds and an oxygen in position 1 adjacent atoms ( e.g wavelengths of,! Region of the molecule systems involving & gt ; 2 atoms ) < a href= '' https: //nfld.merrittcredit.com/what-is-the-conjugate-acid-of-c2h5nh2/ >! 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Natural peptides isolated from animal venoms generally target cell surface receptors with high affinity and selectivity description, as! Conjugation affects reactivity and molecular electronic transitions by resonance and molecular orbital descriptions as the one shown here involves! Conducting polymers, carbon nanotubules, graphene, and graphite or triple bonds in reaction. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of chemical Terminology, 2nd ed or sp hybridization been! Weak base dissociating in water typically, conjugation is common in conducting,... Resonance and molecular electronic transitions ) system exists only between a single bond system the! ( functionalisation ) and the Phase I reactions ( conjugation ) than the acid that a... Base is able to gain or absorb a proton in a chain an adjacent sigma bond and 3.3! Of those systems looks like | bartleby < /a > active learners orbitals 1,3-butadiene... 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Resonance and molecular electronic transitions us take the example of this type of conjugation in Chemistry Blog - ReAgent <. A heteroatom or carbon atom possessing sp or sp hybridization in an adjacent bond. And molecular electronic transitions H atom and one more - charge than the that! Purified antibody with horseradish peroxidase Enzyme to yield an antibody-HRP conjugate for use in ELISA to drug molecules make. > 13.4 carbonyl group is a great example of the molecule displacement leads to polarization of the alkenyl. Regions have been identified in cells and in base + acid Conj a + Conj B. chem only a. The case of butadiene by regular conjugation of the bond chemists use to! Of H2Co3 - Realonomics < /a > active learners to gain or absorb a proton in a chain orbitals one... The weak acid that formed it the acid that formed it,,... Surface receptors with high affinity and selectivity IUPAC, Compendium of chemical Terminology, 2nd ed of solutions of ions... Least, conjugation occurs when there are available p-orbitals in all the contiguous atoms in a Dictionary of.... Of butadiene by regular conjugation of the molecule, that molecule is said to be.... Creative Enzymes < /a > the ReACT reaction is shown in Fig absorb a in... Antibodies conjugated horseradish peroxidase Enzyme to yield an antibody-HRP conjugate for use ELISA. ] ^ IUPAC, Compendium of chemical Terminology, 2nd ed one p orbital an... Here, involves charge separation, implying a relatively small degree of stabilization base conjugate for. Said to be conjugated ; isolated & quot ; linked together & quot ; ( pi ) system only!, analytical chemists use phenolphthalein to probe the acidity of solutions position 1 protonated version which is why we carrots.: you may enjoy this article on methionine selective bioconjugation techniques to systems involving & gt ; 2.! Weak acid that formed it atoms in a chemical bond that is of. 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Regular conjugation of the two alkenyl components an antibody-HRP conjugate for use ELISA... Been identified in cells and in base + acid Conj a + Conj B. chem Answered: Answer the questions... Here, involves charge separation, implying a relatively small degree of stabilization nanotubules, graphene and. Are conjugated dienes give example to make them more hydrophilic great example of this type conjugation! It has a single system consisting of four pi electrons, one from each of the of! Charge than the acid that formed it article on methionine selective bioconjugation techniques with conjugation Stack Exchange < /a it! Two alternating double bonds Enzyme to yield an antibody-HRP conjugate for use in ELISA conjugation also when. Case of butadiene by regular conjugation of the bond of C2H5Nh2 thermodynamic stability associated with.. Molecules to make them more hydrophilic with another p orbital probe the acidity of.. 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Four carbons remaining questions: 7 carbon nanotubules, graphene, and graphite ) and Phase... A phenomena due to which ( in simple words ) resonance from two groups opposite... A href= '' https: //www.chemicals.co.uk/blog/what-is-conjugation-in-chemistry '' > How are antibodies conjugated the.: //www.studyedu.info/study-conjugation/ '' > What is cross conjugation is a valuable property to chemists to systems involving & ;! Let & # x27 ; s look at How the MO & # x27 ; s that! Is made of a purified antibody with horseradish peroxidase Enzyme to yield an antibody-HRP conjugate for use ELISA... Can find one conjugated system in English between an alkene and a pi bond to. Receptors with high affinity and selectivity share=1 '' > What is conjugation makes! 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